Evaluation of the Relationship Between Suspicion of Abuse/Neglect and Depression in Individuals Over 65 Years of Age: Self-Awareness Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17986/blm.1702Keywords:
Elder abuse, geriatric depression, self-awareness, old ageAbstract
Objective: This study aims to evaluate abuse and neglect in the elderly, its relationship with depression, and insight in those suspected of abuse and neglect.
Methods: The population of the study consisted of 307 elderly individuals who applied to the outpatient clinics of Ondokuz Mayis University Hospital, who could read, write and had no speech or comprehension problems. In addition to questions on sociodemographic characteristics; the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale, Elder Abuse Suspicion Index and a question about patients' self-awareness of individual abuse-neglect were used as data collection tools.
Results: The possibility of depression was higher in primary school graduates, those who lived with family members or caregivers, and those with chronic illness. Suspicion of abuse was higher in primary school graduates, those who lived with family members or caregivers, those who had no income of their own, those with chronic illness and those who were taking psychiatric medication. Among the cases with suspicion of abuse, 58.8% were of the opinion that they had not been abused (p<0.05 for each). When the relationship between cases with suspected abuse and suspected depression was analyzed, a statistically moderate positive correlation between them (r=0.529, p<0.001) was found.
Conclusion: In our study, the low rate of cases with self-awareness and suspicion of abuse indicates the importance of informing the elderly about abuse and neglect, teaching which behaviours should be considered as abuse and neglect. The elderly who are aware of being abused and neglected will be more willing and courageous to seek help.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization. Abuse of older people [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/abuse-of-older-people
Dong X. Medical implications of elder abuse and neglect. Clin Geriatr Med. 2005;21(2):293-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2004.10.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2004.10.006
Van Damme A, Declercq T, Lemey L, Tandt H, Petrovic M. Late-life depression: issues for the general practitioner. Int J Gen Med. 2018;11:113-120. https://doi.org/10.2147/ IJGM.S154876 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S154876
Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği, Mental Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı, Dördüncü Baskı (DSM-5) (Çev. ed.: E Köroğlu). Ankara, Hekimler Yayın Birliği, 2013
Disu TR, Anne NJ, Griffiths MD, Mamun MA. Risk factors of geriatric depression among elderly Bangladeshi people: a pilot interview study. Asian J Psychiatr. 2019;44:163-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2019.07.050 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2019.07.050
Nisha C, Manjaly S, Kiran P, Mathew B, Kasturi A. Study on elder abuse and neglect among patients in a medical college hospital, Bangalore, India. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2016;28(1):34-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2015.1113599 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2015.1113599
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar [Turkish Statistical Insititue, Elderly People With Statistics] Turkish2022 [Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2022-49667.
Tekin ÇS, Fatih K. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de yaşlılık. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi (IBAD). 2018;3(1):219-229. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.370584 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.370584
Arpacı F, Bakır B. Yaşlı İstismarı ve İhmali. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2017;21(3):691-703.
Yaffe MJ, Wolfson C, Lithwick M, Weiss D. Development and validation of a tool to improve physician identification of elder abuse: The Elder Abuse Suspicion Index (EASI). J Elder Abuse Negl. 2008;20(3):276-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946560801973168 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08946560801973168
The Elder Abuse Suspicion Index © (EASI). EASI - Turkish version [Available from: https://www.mcgill.ca/familymed/files/familymed/easi_turkish_jan_2020.pdf.
Yurdakul ES, Veizi BGY, Avcı C, Yazır HT, Avaner E, Naharcı MI, et al. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the elder abuse suspicion index in community-dwelling older adults. Turk J Med Sci. 2023;53(1):432-438. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0144.5600 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0144.5600
Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clinical Gerontologist: The Journal of Aging and Mental Health. 1986; 5(1-2):165-173. https://doi.org/10.1300/J018v05n01_09 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J018v05n01_09
Durmaz B, Soysal P, Ellidokuz H, Isik AT. Validity and reliability of geriatric depression scale-15 (short form) in Turkish older adults. North Clin Istanb. 2018;5(3):216-220. https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2017.85047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2017.85047
İlhan MN, Maral I, Kitapçı M, Aslan S, Çakır N, Bumin MA. Yaşlılarda depresif belirtiler ve bilişsel bozukluğu etkileyebilecek etkenler. Klinik Psikiyatri. 2006;9(4):177-184.
Suwanmanee S, Nanthamongkolchai S, Munsawaengsub C, Taechaboonsermsak P. Factors influencing the mental health of the elderly in Songkhla, Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012;95 Suppl 6:8-15.
Zenebe Y, Akele B, W/Selassie M, Necho M. Prevalence and determinants of depression among old age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2021;20(1):55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-021-00375-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-021-00375-x
Feng L, Li P, Lu C, Tang W, Mahapatra T, Wang Y, et al. Burden and correlates of geriatric depression in the Uyghur elderly population, observation from Xinjiang, China. Plos One. 2014;9(12):e114139. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114139 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114139
Arslantas D, Ünsal A, Ozbabalık D. Prevalence of depression and associated risk factors among the elderly in Middle Anatolia, Turkey. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2014;14(1):100-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12065
Assil SM, Zeidan ZA. Prevalence of depression and associated factors among elderly sudanese: a household survey in Khartoum State. East Mediterr Health J. 2013;19 (5):435-440. https://doi.org/10.26719/2013.19.5.435 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26719/2013.19.5.435
Murata C, Kondo K, Hirai H, Ichida Y, Ojima T. Association between depression and socio-economic status among community-dwelling elderly in Japan: the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study (AGES). Health Place. 2008;14(3):406-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.08.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.08.007
Boman E, Gustafson Y, Häggblom A, Santamäki Fischer R, Nygren B. Inner strength–associated with reduced prevalence of depression among older women. Aging Ment Health. 2015;19(12):1078-1083. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.977775 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.977775
Fernández-Niño JA, Manrique-Espinoza BS, Bojorquez-Chapela I, Salinas-Rodríguez A. Income inequality, socioeconomic deprivation and depressive symptoms among older adults in Mexico. Plos One. 2014;9(9):e108127. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108127 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108127
Balcı E, Şenol V, Eşel E, Günay O, Elmalı F. 65 Yaş ve Üzeri Bireylerin Depresyon ve Malnutrisyon Durumları Arasındaki İlişki. Turkish Journal of Public Health. 2012;10(1):37-43.
Bahar A, Tutkun H, Sertbaş G. Huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlıların anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2005;6(4):227-239.
Altay B, Avci İA. Samsun Alanlı Köyünde Yaşayan Yaşlılarda Aileden Algılanan Sosyal Destek ile Depresif Belirti Yaşama Sıklığı Arasındaki İlişki. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2009;8(2)139-146.
Yaka E, Keskinoglu P, Ucku R, Yener GG, Tunca Z. Prevalence and risk factors of depression among community dwelling elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2014;59(1):150-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2014.03.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2014.03.014
Helvik AS, Skancke RH, Selbaek G. Screening for depression in elderly medical inpatients from rural area of Norway: prevalence and associated factors. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010;25(2):150-159. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2312 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2312
Şen F, Meriç M. Determination of abuse and depression in the elderly. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2020;32(1):60-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2019.1691697 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2019.1691697
Yan XY, Huang SM, Huang CQ, Wu WH, Qin Y. Marital status and risk for late life depression: a meta-analysis of the published literature. J Int Med Res. 2011;39(4):1142-1154. https://doi.org/10.1177/147323001103900402 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/147323001103900402
Artan T. Huzurevinde kalmakta olan yaşlılarda yaşlı istismarının bir türü olarak ekonomik istismar. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi. 2016;3(1):48-56. https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.78913 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.78913
Patel VK, Tiwari DS, Shah VR, Patel MG, Raja HH, Patel DS. Prevalence and predictors of abuse in elderly patients with depression at a tertiary care centre in Saurashtra, India. Indian J Psychol Med. 2018;40(6):528-533. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_18_18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_18_18
Dong X, Simon MA, Gorbien M, Percak J, Golden R. Loneliness in older Chinese adults: a risk factor for elder mistreatment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2007;55(11):1831-1835. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01429.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01429.x
Lachs MS, Williams C, O'Brien S, Hurst L, Horwitz R. Risk factors for reported elder abuse and neglect: A nine-year observational cohort study. The Gerontologist. 1997;37(4):469-474. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.4.469 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.4.469
Kalaycı I, Yazıcı SÖ, Özkul M, Küpeli A. Perceptions of the elderly on elderly abuse. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics/Türk Geriatri Dergisi. 2016;19(4):232-237.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 The Bulletin of Legal Medicine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Journal and content of this website is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) License. The Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) allows users to copy, distribute and transmit an article, adapt the article and make commercial use of the article. The CC BY license permits commercial and non-commercial re-use of an open access article, as long as the author is properly attributed.
