Standardization of Forensic Interview with the Child Victim
    PDF
    Cite
    Share
    Request
    Review
    P: 296-306
    December 2023

    Standardization of Forensic Interview with the Child Victim

    The Bulletin of Legal Medicine 2023;28(3):296-306
    1. Düzce Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı, Düzce, Türkiye
    No information available.
    No information available
    Received Date: 05.01.2023
    Accepted Date: 11.04.2023
    Publish Date: 01.12.2023
    PDF
    Cite
    Share
    Request

    ABSTRACT

    Child abuse which should be considered as a global public health problem, has become increasingly a topical issue due to rapid changes in social life and family structure, migrations. With the child advocacy centers system, which has been organized in our country since 2012, is aimed to manage the forensic and forensic medical evaluation process meticulously with a multidisciplinary approach. There are local differences in the practices of centers located in different provinces. In this study, it is aimed to improve the practice in the field by underlining the main points to be considered during the forensic interview of the cases brought with the claim that they were exposed to sexual abuse. In our study, a standard checklist which will be based on, facilitates the retention of informations that can be obtained through family interviews; it will also serve to improve both the self-regulation of the forensic interviewer and the awareness of the judicial authorities. Determinations were made by blending the information in the literature with our professional observations in our practice.

    Keywords: Legal medicine, sexual abus, child abuse, checklist

    References

    1
    Dünya Sağlık Örgütü [Internet]. Child maltreatment. https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/child-maltreatment. Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2023
    2
    Dodd C. Reviews: child sexual abuse within the family. Probation Journal. 1984;32(2):77. https://doi.org/10.1177/026455058503200220
    3
    Bulut S. Çocuk cinsel istismarı hakkında bir derleme. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 2007;3(28):139-156. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/199993
    4
    TÜİK [Internet]. 2021 yılında Güvenlik birimine gelen veya getirilen çocuk istatistikleri. URL: data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Guvenlik-Birimine-Gelen-veya-Getirilen Erişim Tarihi: 12.03.2023
    5
    Atılgan EÜ, Yağcıoğlu S, Çavdar Y. Çocuklarla adli görüşme için rehber. Ankara: UNICEF; 2014. https://www.unicef.org/turkiye/media/4166/file/%C3%87OCUKLARLA%20ADL%C4%B0%20G%C3%96R%C3%9C%C5%9EME%20%C4%B0%C3%87%C4%B0N%20REHBER%20_%202014.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2023
    6
    National Children’s Advocacy Center. Local services. URL: http://www.nationalcac.org Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2023   
    7
    Herrmann B, Dettmeyer R, Banaschak S, Thyen U. Kindesmisshandlung: medizinische diagnostik, intervention und rechtliche grundlagen. 3th ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2016. https://www.amazon.co.uk/Kindesmisshandlung-Medizinische-Diagnostik-Intervention-rechtliche/dp/3662624168/ref=pd_lpo_sccl_1/260-6235082-8026522?pd_rd_w=t3yWI&content-id=amzn1.sym.6ed16426-b38e-4362-a80a-afb4d687a1d2&pf_rd_p=6ed16426-b38e-4362-a80a-afb4d687a1d2&pf_rd_r=SRE5WG6JGJH8BXMHCMME&pd_rd_wg=mW0Ue&pd_rd_r=3ee5589c-b53b-42be-bfc2-cadd292721ae&pd_rd_i=3662624168&psc=1
    8
    Erens B, Otgaar H, de Ruiter C, van Bragt D, Hershkowitz I. The NICHD interview protocol used by Dutch child protection workers: Effects on interview style, children’s reported information and susceptibility to suggestion. Appl Cogn Psychol. 2022;36(1):7-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3893
    9
    Lamb ME, Hershkowitz I, Orbach Y, Esplin PW. Tell me what happened: structured investigative interviews of child victims and witnesses. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell; 2008. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470773291.fmatter
    10
    Diesen C. Child abuse and adult justice: a comparative study of different european criminal justice systems handling of cases concerning child sexual abuse. Sweden: International Save the Children Alliance; 2002. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/pdf/childabuseadultjustice_entero1.pdf/ https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/pdf/childabuseadultjustice_entero1.pdf/ Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2023
    11
    Atılgan EÜ, Yağcıoğlu S, Çavdar Y. Çocuklarla adli görüşme odaları: ihtiyaçlar, iyi uygulama örnekleri ve çocuklarla adli görüşme standartları (özet rapor). Ankara: UNICEF; 2014. URL: https://www.unicef.org/turkiye/media/8701/file/7%20GORUSME%20ODALARI%20%C3%96zet%20Rapor%20-%20Tasarlanm%C4%B1%C5%9F.pdf%20.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 22.03.2023
    12
    Lovett J, Regan L, Kelly L. Sexual assault referral centres: developing good practice and maximising potentials. Home Office Research Study 285; 2004. URL: https://cwasu.org/wp-content/uploads/2000/01/Sexual_Assault_Referral_Centre_s_developing_good_p.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2023
    13
    Kuehnle K, Connell M. The evaluation of child sexual abuse allegations: a comprehensive guide to assessment and testimony. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons; 2008. p. 423-451. https://doi.org/
    14
    O’Donohue WT, Cirlugea O, Bennett N, Benuto LT. Psychological and investigative pathways to untrue allegations of child sexual abuse. Forensic interviews regarding child sexual abuse: A guide to evidence-based practice. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 257-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21097-1_14
    15
    Newlin C, Steele LC, Chamberlin A, Anderson J, Kenniston J, Russell A, et al. Child forensic interviewing: best practices. Juvenil Justice Bulletin; 2015. URL: https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh176/files/pubs/248749.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 14.03.2023
    16
    Ziyalar N, Çalıcı C. Çocukla adli görüşmenin temel prensipleri:okul öncesi dönem, Adli Sosyal Hizmet: Yaklaşım ve Müdahale. İçinde: Yücel D, Gönültaş B, editör. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Hizmetleri; 2016. s. 178-189. https://avesis.istanbul.edu.tr/yayin/df9c30fb-0354-4922-8b8d-bc74cfcc5606/adli-sosyal-hizmet-yaklasim-ve-mudahale
    17
    Öztop DB, Özcan Ö. Cinsel istismar vakalarının sosyodemografik ve klinik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Yeni Symposium. 2010;48(4):270-276. https://web.s. ebscohost.com/abstract? direct=true&profile= ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=13008773&AN= 58650007&h=GKQsiNfBKub N1PTgEfq 9Z5mMw2XeP13w6y432iyL9L5BU lmV1gBgmbpefRPpjJKeztZDv3z3bPCwA A7sEUkiAQ %3d%3d&crl= c&resultNs=Admin WebAuth&resultLocal=ErrCrlNotAuth&crlhashurl= login.aspx %3fdirect% 3dtrue%26profile %3dehost %26scope %3dsite %26authtype %3dcrawler% 26jrnl%3d13008773%26AN%3d58650007
    18
    Örsel Si, Karadağ H, Kahiloğulları AK, Aktaş EA. Psikiyatri hastalarında çocukluk çağı travmalarının sıklığı ve psikopatoloji ile ilişkisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2011;12(2):130-136. http://psikiyatridizini.net/viewarticle.aspx?articleid=9124&tammetinvar=yes
    19
    Maniglio R. The impact of child sexual abuse on health: a systematic review of reviews. Clin Psychol Rev. 2009;29(7):647-657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.08.003
    20
    Van der Kolk BA. Beden kayıt tutar. Ankara: Nobel Yaşam; 2018. s.104-122.
    21
    Çaylı E. 2006 - 2010 yılları arasında Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı’na başvuran vakalarda ve ülke genelinde cinsel saldırı ve istismar olgularının ruh sağlığı açısından değerlendirilmesinde karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri [tıpta uzmanlık tezi]. Isparta: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı; 2011. https://acikerisim.sdu.edu.tr/handle/123456789/23885
    22
    Güllü BÜ. Cinsel istismar mağduru çocuklarla adli görüşme: görüşme yöntemi ve görüşmecinin öznel deneyimi [doktora tezi]. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Disiplinlerarası Adli Bilimler Anabilim Dalı; 2020. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=TKN4tYRgatkbuFyV4gfsuA&no=XxheUbnf5g7WCG1T_IFUBA
    23
    Koçak R. Aleksitimi: kuramsal çerçeve tedavi yaklaşımları ve ilgili araştırmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2002;35(1-2):183-212. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000056
    24
    Aslan GG. Çocuğa yönelik cinsel istismarın açığa vurulma süreci hakkında bir derleme. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet. 2020;31(4):1886-1912. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1046994
    25
    Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. [İnternet] Responding to children and adolescents who have been sexually abused: WHO clinical guidelines. URL: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550147 Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2023
    26
    Baybaba E, Ertürk EY. Sağlık sistemindeki çocukların sağlık hakları. Interdisciplinary Journal of Child Rights Research. 2022;3:63-73. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2850756
    27
    Adams JA, Kellogg ND, Farst KJ, Harper NS, Palusci VJ, Frasier LD, et al. Updated guidelines for the medical assessment and care of children who may have been sexually abused. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2016;29(2):81-87. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.jpag.2015.01.007
    28
    Jewkes R, Garcia-Moren C, Sen P. Sexual violence in world report on violence and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002. URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42495/9241545615_eng.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 28.03.2023.
    29
    Girardet R, Bolton K, Lahoti S, Mowbray H, Giardino A, Isaac R, et al. Collection of forensic evidence from pediatric victims of sexual assault. Pediatrics. 2011;128(2):233-238. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-3037.
    30
    Adams JA. Medical evaluation of suspected child sexual abuse: 2011 update. J Child Sex ual Abus. 2011;20(5):588-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2011.606107
    31
    Laitinen FA, Grundmann O, Ernst EJ. Factors that influence the variability in findings of anogenital injury in adolescent/adult sexual assault victims: a review of the forensic literature. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2013;34(3):286-294. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAF.0b013e31829a0f46.
    32
    Yakut Hİ, Korkmaz E. Child Sexual Abuse. The Journal of Gynecology - Obstetrics and Neonatology. 2013;10(39)1630-1632. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon. 1268172
    33
    Celbis O, Karaca M, Özdemir B, Isır AB. Examination in Sexual Crimes. Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty. 2004;1(4):48-52.   https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/838524
    34
    Özkök MS. Medical and Forensic Management of Adolesan and Adult Sexual Violence Patients. Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Med-Special Topics. 2016;2(2):62-75. https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/tr-cinsel-siddete-maruz-kalmis-ergen-ve-eriskin-hastalarda-tibbi-ve-adli-tibbi-yaklasim-75781.html
    35
    Hinds TS, Giardino AP. Child sexual abuse current evidence, clinical practice and policy directions. Cham: Springer; 2020. doi: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-52549-1
    36
    Şahbudak B. Aile içi ve aile dışı cinsel istismar mağduru çocuk ve ergenlerin annelerinin geçmiş travma öyküsü ve bağlanma özelliklerinin birbirleriyle ve sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırılması [tıpta uzmanlık tezi]. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi; 2018. https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/bitstream/handle/20.500.12812/578107/yokAcikBilim_10198154.pdf?sequence=-1&isAllowed=y
    37
    Erdmans MP, Black T. What they tell you to forget: from child sexual abuse to adolescent motherhood. Qual Health Res. 2008;18(1):77-89. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732307309004
    38
    Brickman J. Feminist, nonsexist, and traditional models of therapy: Implications for working with incest. Women & Therapy. 1984;3(1):49-67. https://doi.org/10.1300/J015V03N01_06.
    39
    Koçtürk N, Bilge F, Yüksel F. The Individual and Familial Characteristics of Girls Who Have Underage Marriage, Their Reasons for Dropping out, and Marital Problems. Turkish Psychological Counseling And Guidance Journal. 2018;8(50):1-28. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/571499
    40
    Aslan F. Erkol ZZ. Türkiye’de Çocuk İzlem Merkezleri ve Antalya Çocuk İzlem Merkezi deneyimi. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri; 2023. s. 97-105. https://www.nobeltip.com/urun/turkiyede-cocuk-izlem-merkezleri-ve-antalya-cocuk
    41
    Orhan H, Erden HG. Reliability of forensic interview with child victims of sexual abuse in Turkey. Current Approaches in Psychiatry. 2022;14(4):570-579. https://doi.org/10.18863/Pgy.1088328
    42
    Çağlar EE, Türk T. İstismara maruz kalan çocuklarla adli görüşme: NICHD Protokolü önerisi. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi. 2019;38:393-412. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/690606
    43
    Erükçü GG, Akbaş E. Mağdur çocuklarla adli mülakat teknikleri. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet. 2013;(24)1:199-207. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/796975
    44
    Bingöl O, Altıparmak B. İstismar mağduru çocuklarla adli görüşmeler. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanaties. 2022;(6)1:326-335. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2307607
    45
    Kotze JM, Brits H. Child sexual abuse: The significance of the history and testifying on non-confirmatory findings. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 2019;11(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v11i1.1954.
    46
    Hösükler E, Yılmaz A, Erkol ZZ. Evaluation of juvenile and adolescent sexual abuse victims: A retrospective study. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2022;57(1):68-74. https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2022.21186
    2024 ©️ Galenos Publishing House