ABSTRACT

Objective:

One of the biggest problems that physicians face in their work life is the violence that they are exposed to. This study aims to determine the frequency and characteristics of the violence experienced by physicians in the workplace and to determine how the exposure to violence affects physicians’ job satisfaction, suicide risk, burnout levels.

Methods:

This study is a cross-sectional study with descriptive characteristics. Four hundred-eighteen volunteer physicians who work in Pendik district of İstanbul city participated in our study. Data was collected by surveys. The questionnaires distributed to the participants were reviewed with the literature and consisted of sociodemographic information, questions about violence, Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale, Suicide Probability Scale, Maslach Burnout Scale.

Results:

It was observed that 58.4% of physicians were exposed to workplace violence during the last year and there was a significant difference in terms of gender, age, title, institution, duration of work and department. Physicians who suffered violence in the workplace during the last year; emotional exhaustion, insensitivity and suicide probability levels were higher, job satisfaction and personal success levels were lower than physicians who didn’t suffer.

Conclusion:

In order to prevent violence against health workers and physicians and to reduce their possible effects, changes in the health policies implemented, improvement of working conditions, reorganization of the health environment, especially in emergencies, and a deterrent law that the Turkish Medical Association has been expressing for years should be enacted. In addition, “violence in health” lessons should be given to healthcare professionals during their education on violence and continuous medical education, public awareness of violence against healthcare personnel should be increased with the support of the media and the state, and it should be emphasized that managers should avoid discrediting the profession.

Keywords: Physicians, workplace violence, job satisfaction, burnout, suicide

References

Krug EG, Mercy JA, Dahlberg LL, Zwi AB. The world report on violence and health. Lancet. 2002;360(9339):1083-1088. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11133-0

Saines JC. Violence and aggression in A & E: recommendations for action. Accid Emerg Nurs. 1999;7(1):8-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0965-2302(99)80094-0

Ayrancı Ü, Yenilmez Ç, Günay Y, Kaptanoğlu C. Çeşitli sağlık kurumlarında ve sağlık meslek gruplarında şiddete uğrama sıklığı. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2002;3(3):147-154. http://psikiyatridizini.net/viewarticle.aspx?articleid=306&tammetinvar=yes

Gökçe T, Dündar C. Samsun Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi’nde Çalışan Hekim ve Hemşirelerde Şiddete Maruziyet Sıklığı ve Kaygı Düzeylerine Etkisi. Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center. 2008;15(1):25-28. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/totm/issue/13106/157891

Kaukiainen A, Salmivalli C, Björkqvist K, Österman K, Lahtinen A, Kostamo A, et al. Overt and covert aggression in work settings in relation to the subjective well-being of employees. Aggr Behav. 2001;27:360-371. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.1021

Hershcovis MS, Barling, J. Towards a multi-foci approach to workplace aggression: A meta-analytic review of outcomes from different perpetrators. J. Organiz Behav. 2010;31:24-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.621

Nart S. İş Ortamında Şiddet, Tükenmişlik Ve İş Tatmini İlişkileri: Sağlık Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. Journal of Management and Economics Research. 2014;12(23):248-268. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/yead/issue/21808/234424

Nida AM, Googe BJ, Lewis AF, May WL. Resident fatigue in otolaryngology residents: a Web based survey. Am J Otolaryngol. 2016;37(3):210-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2016.01.017

Atlı Z, Eskin M, Dereboy Ç. İntihar Olasılığı Ölçeği (İOÖ)’nin Kilinik Örneklemdeki Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Klinik Psikiyatri. 2009;12:111–124. https://jag.journalagent.com/kpd/pdfs/KPD_12_3_111_124.pdf

Maslach C, Jackson, SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. J. Organiz Behav. 1981;2:99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205

Çamcı O, Kutlu Y. Kocaeli’nde sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik işyeri şiddetinin belirlenmesi. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2011;2:9-16. https://jag.journalagent.com/phd/pdfs/PHD_2_1_9_16.pdf

Gascón S, Martínez-Jarreta B, González-Andrade JF, Santed MA, Casalod Y, Rueda MA. Aggression towards health care workers in Spain: a multi-facility study to evaluate the distribution of growing violence among professionals, health facilities and departments. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2009;15(1):29-35. https://doi.org/10.1179/107735209799449707

Shi J, Wang S, Zhou P, Shi L, Zhang Y, Bai F, et al. The Frequency of Patient-Initiated Violence and Its Psychological Impact on Physicians in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(6):e0128394. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128394

Aydin B, Kartal M, Midik O, Buyukakkus A. Violence against general practitioners in Turkey. J Interpers Violence. 2009;24(12):1980-1995. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260508327703

Türk Tabipleri Birliği Yayınları. Önlenebilir Bir Sorun: Hekime Yönelik Şiddet Araştırmalardan Yararlanılan Değerlendirmeler ve Çözüm Önerileri. Ankara. 2014. https://www.ttb.org.tr/kutuphane/hekimesiddet.pdf

Forrest LE, Herath PM, McRae IS, Parker RM. A national survey of general practitioners’ experiences of patient-initiated aggression in Australia. Med J Aust. 2011;194:605-608. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03117.x

Anand T, Grover S, Kumar R, Kumar M, Ingle GK. Workplace violence against resident doctors in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. Natl Med J India. 2016;29(6):344-348. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28327484/

Bıçkıcı, F. Sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddet ve neden olan faktörler: Bir devlet hastanesi örneği. Sağlıkta Performans ve Kalite Dergisi 2013;5(1):43-56. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/spkd/issue/29273/313442

Muzembo BA, Mbutshu LH, Ngatu NR, Malonga KF, Eitoku M, Hirota R, et al. Workplace violence towards Congolese health care workers: a survey of 436 healthcare facilities in Katanga province, Democratic Republic of Congo. J Occup Health. 2015;57(1):69-80. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.14-0111-oa

Ferri P, Silvestri M, Artoni C, Di Lorenzo R. Workplace violence in different settings and among various health professionals in an Italian general hospital: a cross-sectional study. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2016;9:263-275. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S114870

Günay Y, Akbay MÖ. İş yerinde şiddet. Çalışma Ortamı Dergisi. 2001;1:3-4.

Arnetz JE, Arnetz BB, Petterson IL. Violence in the nursing profession: Occupational and lifestyle risk factors in Swedish nurses. Work & Stress. 1996;10(2):119-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678379608256791

Durak T, Yolcu S, Akay S, Demir Y, Kılıçaslan R, Değerli V, et al. Bozyaka Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi sağlık çalışanlarına hasta ve hasta yakınları tarafından uygulanan şiddetin değerlendirilmesi. Genel Tıp Dergisi. 2014;24(4):130-137. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/geneltip/issue/66998/1046914

Fernandes CM, Bouthillette F, Raboud JM, Bullock L, Moore CF, Christenson JM, et al. Violence in the emergency department: a survey of health care workers. CMAJ. 1999;161(10):1245-1248.

Heponiemi T, Kouvonen A, Virtanen M, Vänskä J, Elovainio M. The prospective effects of workplace violence on physicians’ job satisfaction and turnover intentions: the buffering effect of job control. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-19

Winstanley S, Whittington R. Anxiety, burnout and coping styles in general hospital staff exposed to workplace aggression: a cyclical model of burnout and vulnerability to aggression. Work & Stress. 2002;16(4):302-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267837021000058650

Güleç G, Aksaray G. İntihar Girişiminde Bulunan Gençlerin Sosyodemografik- Sosyokültürel ve Aile Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Yeni Sempozyum Dergisi. 2006;44:(3):141-150. http://psikiyatridizini.net/viewarticle.aspx?articleid=5421&tammetinvar=yes

Evaluation of Workplace Violence Against Physicians and Its Effects on Them

ABSTRACT

References